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NUCLEIC ACIDS (DNA and RNA) Introduction Nucleic acids are important component of cells, which control all the activities of cell. phosphodiester linkage Formation of a nucleotide A compound, nucleoside is formed by combination of a base and a pentose sugar. A nucleoside and a phosphoric acid combine to form a nucleotide.  As we know pentose sugar in RNA is ribose while in DNA is deoxyribose. Deoxyribose is formed from ribose by removing one oxygen from OH group at carbon number 2.  ATP is also  an important nucleotide used as an energy currency by the cell.

NUCLEIC ACIDS (DNA and RNA) Introduction Nucleic acids are important component of cells, which control all the activities of cell. Chemical composition of nucleotide Typically a nucleotide is composed of three components i.e. Pentose sugar Nitrogenous base Phosphoric acid (i) Pentose Sugar Pentose sugar in RNA is  ribose (C 5 H 10 O 5 ) Pentose sugar in DNA is  deoxyribose  (C 5 H 10 O 4 ) (ii) Nitrogenous Bases Nitrogenous bases are of two types: Single-ringed  pyrimidines , which include cytosine  (C) , thymine  (T)  and uracil  (U). Double-ringed  purines , which include adenine  (A)  and guanine  (G). (iii) Phosphoric Acid Phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) has the ability to develop ester linkage with OH group of pentose sugar. In a typical nucleotide, the nitrogenous base is attached to  position 1  of pentose sugar while phosphoric acid is attached to  position 3  of pe...