phosphodiester linkage.

NUCLEIC ACIDS (DNA and RNA)

Introduction

Nucleic acids are important component of cells, which control all the activities of cell.

phosphodiester linkage

Formation of a nucleotide

A compound, nucleoside is formed by combination of a base and a pentose sugar. A nucleoside and a phosphoric acid combine to form a nucleotide. As we know pentose sugar in RNA is ribose while in DNA is deoxyribose. Deoxyribose is formed from ribose by removing one oxygen from OH group at carbon number 2. ATP is also an important nucleotide used as an energy currency by the cell.

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Mr chips important short questions.

Chapter#1 Question # 1:How does a person spend his time in old age after retirement? Answer : After retirement when a person becomes old, he has nothing to do. His time seems to pass like lazy cattle moving across a landscape(valley). Question # 2:Why did Chips keep on adjusting his timetable according to the school bells even after the retirement? Answer : After spending more than forty three(43) years at Brookfield, it was not possible for Chips to break his ties with school. He began to live across the road and Mrs. Wickets. That's why it was possible for Chips to keep on adjusting his timetable according to the school bells. Question # 3:How did Chips voice sound in old age? Answer : Although Chips had become old yet he did not loose the zeal and zeast for the life. So his voice remained resonant and lively even in his old age. Question # 4:What did Chips do before going to the bed? Answer : Chips was spending a pleasant and placid time at Mrs. Wickets after his retirem...

DISPLACMENT, DISTANCE, SPEED, VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION

Displacement: Shortest distance between two points is called displacement OR The displacement is a change in the position of body form its initial position to final position Unit: SI unit of displacement is metre (m) Dimension: The dimension of displacement is [L] VELOCITY: The time rate of change of displacement is known as velocity. It is a vector quantity. Its direction is along the direction of displacement. Mathematically...

Proteins

PROTEINS Introduction Proteins are the most abundant organic compounds to be found in cells and comprise over 50% of their total dry weight. They are present in all types of cells and in all parts of the cell. Function Proteins perform many functions. Some of their important functions are; They build many structures of the cell. All enzymes are proteins and in this way they control the whole metabolism of the cell. Some hormones are also proteins and regulate metabolic processes. Some proteins (e.g. haemoglobin ) work as carriers and transport specific substances such as oxygen, lipid, metal ions etc. Some proteins called antibodies , defend the body against pathogens. Blood clotting proteins prevent the loss of blood from the body after an injury. Movement of organs and organisms and movement of chromosomes during anaphase of cell division, are caused by proteins. Amino acids as units of protei...

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