COMPARISON OF PROKARYOTIC & EUKARYOTIC CELL

DIFFERENCE	PROKARYOTES	EUKARYOTES
1) CELL TYPE	They are composed of prokaryotic cells.	They are composed of eukaryotic cells.
2) NUCLEUS	Nucleus is absent in them.	They have well defined nucleus.
3) DNA	DNA is without any nuclear membrane covering and is directly submerged in cytoplasm.	DNA is enclosed inside the nucleus.
4) MEMBRANE-BOUNDED STRUCTURES	Membrane-bounded structures are absent.	Membrane-bounded structures are present.
5) RIBOSOMES	They have small sized 70S ribosomes.	They have large sized 80S ribosomes.
6) CELL WALL	Their cell wall is composed of polysaccharide chain covalently bonded with shorter chains of amino acids forming peptidoglycan or murein.	Cell wall of plants is generally composed of cellulose.
7) CELL DIVISION	They reproduce by binary fission.	They reproduce by mitosis and meiosis.
8) EXAMPLES	Bacteria and blue green algae.	Multicellular animals and plants are examples.

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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) DNA is heredity material. It controls the properties and potential activities of a cell. Location in cell DNA occurs in chromosomes, in the nuclei of the cells and in much lesser amounts in mitochondria and chloroplast. Chemical composition of DNA DNA is made of four kinds of nucleotides; d-adenosine monophosphate (d-AMP) d-guanosine monophosphate (d-GMP) d-cytidine monophosphate (d-CMP) d-thymidine monophosphate (d-TMP) These nucleotides are united with one another through phosphodiester linkages in a specific sequence to form long chains. Two nucleotides join to form dinucleotide e.g nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) which is important coenzyme in several oxidation-reduction reactions in the cell. Three nucleotides join to form trinucleotide . Ratio of Bases in DNA In 1951, Erwin Chargaff provided data about the ratios of different bases present in DNA. This data suggested that ade...

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What are zymogens? How they are formed? What Is a Zymogen? A zymogen is like a wrapped candy bar. In order to get to the good stuff, you need to tear away what's keeping you from it. Zymogens , or proenzymes , are enzymes that aren't functioning yet because their action is infertile by a 'wrapper'. The 'wrapper' can be a link between two amino acids (the building blocks of proteins), like a piece of string keeping a box closed. Or it can be an further section of protein, like a jar lid. How they are formed? When cells make enzymes, especially proteases, they often make them as zymogen, an inactive form of the enzyme. This is so they don't go crazy and are only used when needed. Imagine your reaction if your blender suddenly hopped about on the counter, out of control, spewing half-chopped fruit everywhere. The counter would be a mess, and so would the cell. You can recognize most zymogens by their name. Enzymes that begin with ...

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